This volume is the result of the Yola workshop organized under the cross-border relations workshop series by the Nigeria Institution of International Affairs. The workshop addressed the implications of the recurrent cross border armed incursions for internal security and Nigeria’s relations with Cameroun, Chad and Niger Republics in the North East Zones of the Federation.
The broad conclusion which emerged at the end three days of the deliberations in this forum was that Nigeria and its two contiguous neighbours in these zones needed to closely coordinate their security and socio-economic development policies in other to overcome the mutual vulnerabilities of their people to common threats. To come to this conclusion, the chapters in this volume addressed a multitude of related issues, which had been the subject of increase discussion at the workshop by the scholars, government functionaries, social activist and traditional authorities with expert knowledge of the issues at stake.
This publication, as presented, allowed the general public to be informed and participate in the debate about the need for Nigeria to vigorously pursue an “intergrative” policy in managing its security, social, economic and cultural relations with its immediate neighbours, especially with particular regard to the cross-border communities.
 

Contents
1. The Activities of Armed Banditry
Bukar Abba Ibrahim……………………………………….............................................P. 1
2. A Review of Cross- Border Security Cooperation
Between Nigeria and its North East Zone Neighbours
Dahiru Bobbo……………………………………………................................................. P. 5
3. Cross-Border Armed Robbery and Banditryin Adamawa State: Causes, Problems and Solutions Special Services Department, Government House, Adamawa………………………………………………….............................................. P. 23
4. Cross-Border Crimes and Banditry: Boundary Demarcation and Control Mechanisms
Adamawa State Boundary Affairs……………………………....................................P. 29
5. Farmer- Grazier Conflict View Of A Livestock Worker On ‘Official’ Interpretation And Hanling
Ibrahim Ahmadu…………………………………………….......................................... P. 39
6. The Role of Cross-Border Communities and Security Forces in the Management of Security in Border Areas in the North East
Tahir Mamman………………………………………………......................................... …P. 47
7. Comparative Perspectives on Internal Security Management in Nigeria and Chad: Any Lesson for Nigeria?
Bola A. Akinterinwa and Charles Quaker-Dokubo………………………………………………P .53
8. National Security, Then, and Whence: A Personal View
Musa K. A. Omar……………………………………………............................................. P. 77
9. Nigeria Relation With Its Immediate Neighbours:
A Security- Political Analysis
Bassey E. Ate………………………………………………...............................................P. 85
10. The 1999 Constitution and Internal Security Challenges for National Security And Peace
M. Gidado………………………………………......................................................P. 95
11. An Economic Perspective Of Internal Security in Nigeria’s North-East Zone
Eskor Toyo…………………………………………………...............................................P. 105
12. The Role of Cross-Border Communities and Security Forces in the Management of Security in the Border Areas of North East
Kyari Tijani……………………………………………………… ...........................................P. 119
13. Threat Perception, Rationalization and Response to Internal Security in Nigeria’s North-East Zone
Aliyu Mohammed………………………………………………........................................ P. 131
14. Extra-National Actors And Internal Security In Nigeria’s North-East: Challenges For Sub-Regional Peace And Co-Operation
Warisu O. Alii…………………………………………………........................................... P. 139
15. The Environmental Sources of Externalthreat in Nigeria’s North-East Zone
Jimi Peters And Moses Mamman……………………………. P. 151
16. Strategies for Effective Confidence-Building and Peace in Nigeria’s North-East Zone: Taaba State as a Case Study
Yusuf M. M. Magaji………………………………………………….................................... P. 167
17.Political Crisis and Wars in Nigeria’s North-East Zone Neighbours:Implicaion for Internal Secuirty
Umar Mohammed Birai……………………………………………..................................... P. 179
18. Policy Options For Managing National Security In Nigeria’s North-East Zone: Problems and Prospects
Garbu Ibrahim…………………………………………………………..................................... P. 191
19. Comparative Perspective On Cross-Border Armed Banditry Into Nigeria: The North-East and North-West Experiences
Nuhu O. Yaqub…………………………………………………………..................................... P. 201
20. Borders, Crimes And Criminality: The North-Eastern Nigerian Experience In Comparative Focus
A. I. Asiwaju……………………………………………………………...................................... P. 223
Appendices
1. Welcome Remarks By R.A. Akindele……………………………......................... P. 245
II. Communique on the National Workshope on Cross-Border Armed Banditry in the North-East Zone of Nigeria: Issues in National Security and Nigeria’s Relations with its Immediate Neighbours……………………………............................................. P. 251
Index……………………………………………………………………....................................... P. 261